纳米硒对岢岚绒山羊及胎儿的生物学效应

为研究纳米硒对岢岚绒山羊妊娠母羊及胎儿机体免疫力、抗氧化性和生长发育的影响,选择体重相近的岢岚妊娠绒山羊80只,随机分为2组,分别喂以基础日粮(C组)和添加0.5mg/kgDM纳米硒的饲粮(Se组),实验期110d。结果表明:妊娠期绒山羊日粮中添加硒后,血液中淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞的百分比显著提高(p<0.05),异型淋巴细胞百分比显著降低(p<0.05),血清中血清球蛋白(GLO)、免疫球蛋白IgG和IgM显著提高(p<0.05);日粮中纳米硒的添加极显著(p<0.01)提高了母羊及胎儿血清中GSH-Px、SOD的活性,极显著(p<0.01)提高了母羊及胎儿肝、胎盘组织中GSH-Px、SOD的活性,极显著(p<0.01)降低了母羊及胎儿血清与胎盘组织中MDA的浓度;在日粮中添加纳米硒后,显著增加了胎盘、胎儿及胎儿肝、肾组织的重量(p<0.05)。结论:日粮中添加0.5mg/kgDM纳米硒,增强了妊娠母羊及胎儿机体免疫力和抗氧化能力,进一步促进了胎儿的生长发育。     

饲料营养对猪肉品质的影响

对影响猪肉品质的主要营养因素:能量、脂肪和脂肪酸、蛋白质和氨基酸、维生素、矿物质元素及其它饲料添加剂的饲养试验效应进行了综述,并提出了今后有待解决的问题.     

茄子新品种晋紫长茄的选育

晋紫长茄是以临猗紫长茄经多代自交选育的自交系104-126-43-18为母本,以柳林长茄经多代自交选育的自交系237-9-27-11为父本配制而成的一代杂种。植株直立,生长势强,结果能力强;果实长筒形,果皮鲜紫光亮,果肉白色,肉质细嫩松软,口感好,单果质量500g左右;中早熟,从开花到采收15~20d(天),每667m2产量5000kg左右;对黄萎病的抗性强于对照短把黑。适合春夏季露地栽培。     

基于MGWRK的土壤有机质制图及驱动因素研究

【目的】空间预测是一种获得有机质空间局部细节的重要方法,其准确性对于农田合理管理有着重要意义。本研究通过对比不同的土壤有机质空间制图方法以获得更优的预测精度,在预测的同时揭示环境协变量的空间非平稳性特征及不同环境协变量关系的空间尺度。【方法】选取晋中盆地的7个乡镇作为研究区,对比普通克里金（OK）、回归克里金（RK）、地理加权回归克里金（GWRK）和多重尺度地理加权回归克里金（MGWRK）4种不同方法对土壤有机质的预测能力和效果,并探究影响因子在空间分布中对有机质的影响效应变化和这种影响效应的空间尺度。MGWRK是一种多重尺度地理加权回归（MGWR）与普通克里金方法相结合的方法。【结果】选取坡向、坡度、年均降水量、年平均温度、海拔、植被年总初级生产力、年蒸散量、地形湿度指数、平面曲率、汇流动力指数、地形指数、地形粗糙指数、年平均NDVI为环境协变量参与建模,在多元线性回归建模中,模型统计学意义显著,这表明模型具备统计学意义。从Radius指数来看,各模型模拟效果由好到差依次为RK、OK、GWRK、MGWRK;从制图效果来看,MGWRK与GWRK制图效果相当,从有机质的空间预测图可以看出,土壤有机质在研究区呈现东西两侧偏低、中部偏高的空间格局,其中汾河以东、昌源河流经区域土壤有机质普遍偏高。坡向、年均降水量、年平均温度、海拔、地形指数、年平均NDVI对研究区东部有机质的影响强于西部,而坡度、植被年总初级生产力、年蒸散量、平面曲率、汇流动力指数、地形粗糙指数则表现出截然相反的空间非平稳性特征,地形湿度指数对有机质的影响则体现为北部强南部弱。【结论】MGWRK方法的空间预测精度分别达到了RK方法的69%、OK方法的71.74%、GWRK方法的71.17%。MGWRK在空间非平稳性特征的解释能力和空间可视化表现良好,为有机质的预测和空间非平稳性特征的描述提供方法借鉴。     

枣花发育过程中糖类物质的分布与变化

以壶瓶枣为试材,通过组织学制片,运用PAS-苏木精复染和汞-溴酚蓝法对材料进行染色,用显微镜观察了花芽形态分化过程及其花器官中的糖类物质分布。结果表明,从枣吊萌动到花开,淀粉粒在各个分生组织分裂最旺盛的细胞中逐渐积累;随着花器官的发育,在萼片中形成囊状特化大细胞,到花粉粒成熟时布满萼片、花瓣和花托,标志着糖类物质积累达到高峰;但是当花开时,这些囊状特化大细胞中的糖类物质消失,变成空腔。     

Factors impacting the activity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens against take-all of wheat

Take-all, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, is an important soilborne disease of wheat worldwide. Pseudomonas fluorescens producing the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) are biocontrol agents of take-all and provide natural suppression of the disease during wheat monoculture known as take-all decline. To identify factors that could contribute to the effectiveness of 2,4-DAPG producers in take-all suppression, P. fluorescens strains Q8r1-96 (genotype D) and Q2-87V1 (genotype B; reduced antibiotic production) were tested against three pathogen isolates differing in sensitivity to 2,4-DAPG (LD5, ARS-A1 and R3-111a-1) and two wheat cultivars (Tara and Buchanan). The antibiotic sensitivity of the pathogen and cultivar significantly affected the level of take-all suppression by Q8r1-96 and Q2-87V1; suppression was greatest with LD5 and Tara. Q8r1-96 suppressed ARS-A1 and R3-111a-1 on Tara but not Buchanan, and Q2-87V1 failed to suppress either pathogen isolate on either cultivar. Q8r1-96 colonized the rhizosphere of Tara and Buchanan grown in soil similarly, but 2,4-DAPG accumulation was higher on the roots of Buchanan than Tara. 2,4-DAPG at 7.5 μg mL⁻¹ reduced the growth of roots of both cultivars, and 10 μg mL⁻¹ caused brown necrosis and tissue collapse of seedling roots and reduced root hair development. The half-life of 2,4-DAPG in the rhizosphere was estimated to be 0.25 days. These results suggest that several interconnected factors including sensitivity of G. graminis var. tritici to 2,4-DAPG, wheat cultivar, fluctuations in populations of 2,4-DAPG producers, and antibiotics accumulation in the rhizosphere will impact the robustness of take-all suppression by P. fluorescens in the field.     

芝麻苗期干旱生理生化指标响应特征及其基因表达分析

为建立芝麻抗旱性快速鉴定体系及筛选芝麻抗旱品种，采用盆栽反复干旱法，设置正常水分（CK）和干旱胁迫（DS）两种处理，对31份芝麻材料进行生理生化指标测定和综合评价，同时利用qRT-PCR检测SOD合成相关基因的表达量。结果表明：芝麻苗期O^₂、可溶性糖（SS）、脯氨酸（Pro）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性与CK相比均显著上升，各指标综合抗旱系数和抗旱指数的变异系数最高的分别是SOD（98.64%）和O^₂（154.01%）；抗旱指数与O^₂含量、SOD活性呈极显著正相关关系，这两个指标可作为芝麻苗期抗旱性鉴定的重要指标。聚类分析将31份芝麻材料划分为5类抗旱类型，分别为高抗型、中抗型、低抗型、低感型和高感型。利用综合评价方法，筛选出高抗材料2份（‘汾芝10号’和‘豫-11-1’），中抗旱材料4份，低抗旱材料9份，敏感材料10份，高感材料5份；筛选出O^₂含量和SOD活性可作为芝麻种质资源苗期抗旱特性快速鉴定的指标。     

洋葱细胞质雄性不育系选育研究进展

 介绍了国内外洋葱细胞质雄性不育（CMS）系的选育及利用概况；对洋葱细胞质雄性不育机理和相关分子标记进行了综述；在此基础上对洋葱雄性不育的研究提出了几点建议。     

以活力抗旱指数作为玉米萌芽期抗旱性评价指标的初探

首次提出了活力抗旱指数,并以此为指标,在PEG人工模拟水分胁迫的条件下,对18个不同的玉米品种进行抗旱性研究。结果表明:活力抗旱指数和常用的萌发抗旱指数有很高的相关性,且能更好的反映不同品种幼苗水分胁迫下的差别,可以作为玉米萌发阶段抗旱性鉴定的筛选方法。     

Harnessing sorghum and millet biotechnology for food and health

This review highlights recombinant DNA technology as a powerful tool to enhance the gene pools of sorghum and pearl millet crops regarded as jewels of Africa. Although important advances in the improvement of these species have been made by classical breeding and modern marker assisted selection, genetic manipulation and in vitro culture allows the gene pool to be broadened beyond that normally available for improvement by allowing the transfer of genes which control well-defined traits between species. The current state of sorghum and millet transformation technology is summarised and applications in the improvement of nutritional quality and the resistance to pathogens and pests for crops grown in Africa and Asia is discussed. Regulatory aspects including gene flow and future prospects are also discussed.